Service Set Identifier (SSID) acts a simple password by allowing WLAN network to be split up into different networks and each having a unique identifier.
These identifiers are configured in the multiple access points. To access any of any networks, a computer is configured in such a way that each is having a corresponding SSID identifier for that network.
If the SSID match between the two computers or networks then access is granted to each other.
21 August 2009
03 July 2009
Next Generation Internet -Internet Grid
Internet Grid is a next generation internet
It is 1000x faster than current internet
through this you can download a 1 movie within a 3 sec.
It is 1000x faster than current internet
through this you can download a 1 movie within a 3 sec.
06 June 2009
03 June 2009
Internet Grid
Next Generation Internet
10000x Faster
10000x Faster
past: Dial up internet
Present: Broadband internet
Future: Grid internet
You can Download 1 Movie Within 3 Second
26 May 2009
VLAN
VLAN stands for virtual LAN (Local Area Network), VLAN basically a logical networks within already existing physical network. VLAN creates the logical segment of a LAN into different broadcast domains and this broadcast domain can send or received data from any computer located within that network.
VLAN can be based on- ports type
- protocol type
- MAC address
- and IP subnet address.
There are many reasons to use VLAN over traditional LAN.
Performance: VLAN used to reduce the need to send the traffic to unnecessary destination in a network.Security: VLAN decreases the chances that people will gain access to data the are not authorized to see it.
Control Traffic Flow:VLAN does not broadcast traffic to nodes that are not part of that VLAN.20 May 2009
Windows 2003 Configuration
Windows 2003 Learning Tutorial
-Deployment
-Configuration
-Terminal Service
-Remote Administration
-Setting and Managing File Server
-Manage Group
-Active Directory
Click Here for
Windows 2003 Server
-Deployment
-Configuration
-Terminal Service
-Remote Administration
-Setting and Managing File Server
-Manage Group
-Active Directory
Click Here for
Windows 2003 Server
18 May 2009
Wireless Protocol - WORP
WORP is a new protocol that is designed to optimize the performance of outdoor wireless point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links using 802.11b radios.
The use of 802.11b radios and bridges enables Proxim to offer a low cost, feature-rich solution that is ideal for economical last mile access and campus networking.WORP takes care of the performance degradation that happens when standards-based 802.11b
wireless LAN technology is used for outdoor building-to-building connectivity, incurred by the socalled “hidden-node” problem.
02 May 2009
Cisco Wireless
Cisco Wireless
To know more about CISCO WIRELESSClick here to Free download:
Cisco Wireless PresentationWireless Protocol-WORP
Wireless Outdoor Routing Protocol-WORP
Functionality of WORP:
-Broadcasts and Registration
-Polling Satellites
-Request for Service and Dynamic Scheduling
-Windowing, Retransmit and Timeout
-WORP Security
Click Here For Download:WORP
29 April 2009
Introduction To Wireless Network
For Introduction of Wireless Communication and WLAN
Click Below Link TO Download Presentation.
Download
Click Below Link TO Download Presentation.
Download
15 April 2009
VPN Tips and Tricks
- Start with a PPTP connection and test. Then change from PPTP to L2TP or IPSec without authentication or encryption. Finally add the authentication and encryption.
- ALL Teleworker IPSec profiles use the same Pre-shared Key and IPSec parameters, which are entered on the "VPN and Remote Access Setup > VPN IKE / IPSec General Setup" page.
- LAN-to-LAN VPN profiles to static IP addresses MUST use unique passwords or Pre-shared Keys.
- LAN-to-LAN VPN profiles to Dynamic IP addresses also use the common Teleworker Pre-shared Key and IPSec parameters, which are entered on the "VPN and Remote Access Setup > VPN IKE / IPSec General Setup" page.
11 April 2009
Free Cisco Ebooks Download
Boson CCNA 640-801;
Download the Book
Sybex.CCNA.Fast.Pass.eBook;
Download the Book
Download the BookSybex.CCNA.Fast.Pass.eBook;
Download the BookPass4ure CCNA640-802 v2.93;
Network Tools
- SmartWhois - Quickly resolve IP addresses and host names, get administrator contacts, country, city etc.
- TraceRoute - Test the route to a certain server or IP address on the Internet, find out about intermediate devices.
- Ping - Test responsiveness of a remote computer.
- NsLookup - Resolve a hostname to an IP address and vice versa.
- Proxy Test - If you want to stay anonymous on the Internet, check how good your proxy hides real data.
- Bandwidth Meter - Test the speed of your Internet connection.
- Environmental Variables Test - Check your remote variables that are used to inform and customize programs
07 April 2009
Wireless Hacking
1) Stations and Access Points
2) Channels
3) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
4) Wireless Network Sniffing
5 ) Passive Scanning
6) Detection of SSID
7) Collecting the MAC Addresses
8) Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP
9) Detection of the Sniffers
10) Wireless Spoofing
11) MAC Address Spoofing
12) IP spoofing
13) Frame Spoofing
14) Wireless Network Probing
15) AP Weaknesses
16) Trojan AP
17) Denial of Service
18) Jamming the Air Waves
19) War Driving
For Datail:Click Here
2) Channels
3) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
4) Wireless Network Sniffing
5 ) Passive Scanning
6) Detection of SSID
7) Collecting the MAC Addresses
8) Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP
9) Detection of the Sniffers
10) Wireless Spoofing
11) MAC Address Spoofing
12) IP spoofing
13) Frame Spoofing
14) Wireless Network Probing
15) AP Weaknesses
16) Trojan AP
17) Denial of Service
18) Jamming the Air Waves
19) War Driving
For Datail:Click Here
04 April 2009
OFDM Technology
The WIMAX OFDM waveform offers the advantage of being able to operate with larger delay spread of the NLOS environment.
The OFDM waveform eliminates the (ISI) problems and the complexities of adaptive equalization.
OFDM technology provides operators with an efficient means to overcome the challenges of NLOS propagation.
Recent international standards such as those set by IEEE802.16,ETSI BRAN and ETRI,have established OFDM as the preferred technology of choice.
It is easier to equalize the individual OFDM carrier than it is to equalize the broader signal carrier signal.
System Diagnostic
Check the RF Communication
-Registration/Association
-Signal Strength and Quality
-Link Speed
Check the IP Configuration
-Network Address/Mask
-Routing, Default Gateway
-Ping, Traceroute
-Registration/Association
-Signal Strength and Quality
-Link Speed
Check the IP Configuration
-Network Address/Mask
-Routing, Default Gateway
-Ping, Traceroute
WISP Topology
Point to point links
(+) longer distances (max 30-40km)
(-) higher cost/client
Point to multipoint links
(+) serving multiple clients at lower cost/client
(+) larger area of coverage
(-) lower range (max 5-12km)
(+) longer distances (max 30-40km)
(-) higher cost/client
Point to multipoint links
(+) serving multiple clients at lower cost/client
(+) larger area of coverage
(-) lower range (max 5-12km)
Base Unit Configuration
1.Connect the Antenna
2.Connect the Ethernet Cable
3.Connect the RS-232 Console Cable
-Use Terminal Emulation Program on your Laptop or Desktop PC
4.Connect the Power Supply
5.Power the unit on
2.Connect the Ethernet Cable
3.Connect the RS-232 Console Cable
-Use Terminal Emulation Program on your Laptop or Desktop PC
4.Connect the Power Supply
5.Power the unit on
03 April 2009
Backup / Restore the Registry
To Backup/Restore the Windows Registry: Windows 9x For XP 2000 click here
- If you are in MSDOS, at the C:\Windows prompt type
- Attrib -s -r -h C:\Windows\System.dat (press Enter)
- Attrib -s -r -h C:\Windows\User.dat (press Enter)
To make the backup copies type:
- copy C:\Windows\System.dat C:\Windows\System.000 (press Enter)
- copy C:\Windows\User.dat C:\Windows\user.000 (press Enter)
To Restore the Registry
- copy C:\Windows\System.000 C:\Windows\System.dat (press Enter)
- copy C:\Windows\User.000 C:\Windows\user.dat (press Enter)
01 April 2009
Windows backup tips
- Backup and restore functions in Windows: Advantages and limitations
Windows has several built-in data protection mechanisms -- NT BACKUP, Automated System Recovery, Device Driver Rollback and System Restore – plus Data Protection Manager. In this tip, Brien M. Poesy looks at the advantages and disadvantages of each. - Why DPM is replacing traditional disk-to-tape backups
In many organizations, disk-to-disk-to-tape backup is replacing the traditional disk-to-tape backup systems that have been the standard for disaster recovery for many years. A big part of that reason is Microsoft's backup and replication product, Data Protection Manager (DPM). - Backup failure: Five reasons backups fail
Media failure, human error and hardware failure are among the most common reasons backups fail. Learn what you can do to prevent failures resulting from these issues. - Four ways to increase the lifespan of your backup tapes
Tape doesn't last forever. If you have critical archival data that must be maintained for a while, here are some tips on increasing the lifespan of tape. - USB drive backup: Pros and cons
There are good reasons for Windows administrators to use external USB drives for backup. There are also reasons not to. - Install backup on Windows XP Home Edition
Although the Backup utility is not mentioned at any point during the default installation of Windows XP Home Edition, it is included. However, you need to do a manual install to prepare it for use. - CDP not always a substitute for conventional backup
Continuous data protection (CDP) technology may be the hot backup technology, but it doesn't fulfill every enterprise backup function, particularly when it comes to archival storage. - Backup tape encryption grows up
Backup tape encryption technology has come a long way and offers security you wouldn't have otherwise. Here's advice on how to encrypt your backup tapes more efficiently. - Worst practices for backup and disaster recovery, Part 1
Even when network administrators are aware of the need for a solid data backup and recovery plan, too many companies observe worst practices, thereby dooming the plan. - Like life, the best things in backup are 'free'
When it comes to discussing backup architectures, the word "free" pops up a lot. There's server-free backup, LAN-free backup and SAN-free backup. The question for you is, which one of these "free" backup architectures is best for your storage set-up?
VPN Category
For secure VPNs:
- General IPsec
- ESP and AH (encryption and authentication headers)
- Key exchange (ISAK MP, IKE, and others)
- Cryptographic algorithms
- IPsec policy handling
- Remote access
- SSl and TL'S
For trusted VPNs:
23 March 2009
Limitations of a VPN
1. VPNs require detailed understanding of network security issues and careful installation / configuration to ensure sufficient protection on a public network like the Internet.
2. The reliability and performance of an Internet-based VPN is not under an organization's direct control. Instead, the solution relies on an ISP and their quality of service.
3. Historically, VPN products and solutions from different vendors have not always been compatible due to issues with VPN technology standards. Attempting to mix and match equipment may cause technical problems, and using equipment from one provider may not give as great a cost savings.
2. The reliability and performance of an Internet-based VPN is not under an organization's direct control. Instead, the solution relies on an ISP and their quality of service.
3. Historically, VPN products and solutions from different vendors have not always been compatible due to issues with VPN technology standards. Attempting to mix and match equipment may cause technical problems, and using equipment from one provider may not give as great a cost savings.
09 March 2009
SETTING UP VPN
Setup VPN Server on Windows 2003 Server
1.To access VPN from the remote site such as home
you need to follow few steps.
2.In Windows XP, Click start, choose my network places,
and select view network connections.
3.Click creates a new connection to start a new connection wizard. Click next.
4.In network connection type select the option connect to
network at my workplace and click next.
5.Now select the option for Virtual Private Network and click next.
6. In connection name for company name assign the name
of organization to which you log in.
1.To access VPN from the remote site such as home
you need to follow few steps.
2.In Windows XP, Click start, choose my network places,
and select view network connections.
3.Click creates a new connection to start a new connection wizard. Click next.
4.In network connection type select the option connect to
network at my workplace and click next.
5.Now select the option for Virtual Private Network and click next.
6. In connection name for company name assign the name
of organization to which you log in.
Internet Connection Sharing
Internet Connection Sharing | ICS | Internet Share | How to share internet on network Internet Connection Sharing is a built-in feature of Windows 98, ME, 2000, XP and Vista. If you have private network at your school or office. ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) is best feature to share internet on your private network. ICS shares every protocol and service to the client computers provided by ISP. Some ISPs provide SMTP server access and some not so exact services and protocol will forward to the client computers.
Here are steps for share internet connection using ICS.
-Set your LAN (Connected Network Card with Private Network) IP as 192.168.0.1
-Open internet connection properties
-Select Advanced Tab
-Click and check on "Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection"
Here are steps for share internet connection using ICS.
-Set your LAN (Connected Network Card with Private Network) IP as 192.168.0.1
-Open internet connection properties
-Select Advanced Tab
-Click and check on "Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection"
12 February 2009
Wireless Network Security Tips
Change Default Administrator Username and Password
Very first step, change default password of your Modem/Router. Manufacturers set both the account username and password at the factory. The username is often simply the word admin or administrator. The password is typically empty (blank), the words “admin,” “public,” or “password,” or some other simple word. You can login to your administration page by using 192.168.1.1 or using instruction guide provided by your ISP or Hardware company.
Turn on (Compatible) WPA / WEP Encryption
All Wi-Fi equipment supports some form of encryption. Encryption technology scrambles messages sent over wireless networks so that they cannot be easily read by humans. Several encryption technologies exist for Wi-Fi today. Naturally you will want to pick the strongest form of encryption that works with your wireless network. However, the way these technologies work, all Wi-Fi devices on your network must share the identical encryption settings. Therefore you may need to find a “lowest common demoninator” setting.
Change the Default SSID
Access points and routers all use a network name called the SSID. Manufacturers normally ship their products with the same SSID set. For example, the SSID for Linksys devices is normally “linksys.” True, knowing the SSID does not by itself allow your neighbors to break into your network, but it is a start. More importantly, when someone finds a default SSID, they see it is a poorly configured network and are much more likely to attack it. Change the default SSID immediately when configuring wireless security on your network.
Enable MAC Address Filtering
Each piece of Wi-Fi gear possesses a unique identifier called the physical address or MAC address. Access points and routers keep track of the MAC addresses of all devices that connect to them. Many such products offer the owner an option to key in the MAC addresses of their home equipment, that restricts the network to only allow connections from those devices. Do this, but also know that the feature is not so powerful as it may seem. Hackers and their software programs can fake MAC addresses easily.
Disable SSID Broadcast
In Wi-Fi networking, the wireless access point or router typically broadcasts the network name (SSID) over the air at regular intervals. This feature was designed for businesses and mobile hotspots where Wi-Fi clients may roam in and out of range. In the home, this roaming feature is unnecessary, and it increases the likelihood someone will try to log in to your home network. Fortunately, most Wi-Fi access points allow the SSID broadcast feature to be disabled by the network administrator.
Do Not Auto-Connect to Open Wi-Fi Networks
Connecting to an open Wi-Fi network such as a free wireless hotspot or your neighbor’s router exposes your computer to security risks. Although not normally enabled, most computers have a setting available allowing these connections to happen automatically without notifying you (the user). This setting should not be enabled except in temporary situations.
Assign Static IP Addresses to Devices
Most home networkers gravitate toward using dynamic IP addresses. DHCP technology is indeed easy to set up. Unfortunately, this convenience also works to the advantage of network attackers, who can easily obtain valid IP addresses from your network’s DHCP pool. Turn off DHCP on the router or access point, set a fixed IP address range instead, then configure each connected device to match. Use a private IP address range (like 10.0.0.x) to prevent computers from being directly reached from the Internet.
Enable Firewalls On Each Computer and the Router
Modern network routers contain built-in firewall capability, but the option also exists to disable them. Ensure that your router’s firewall is turned on. For extra protection, consider installing and running personal firewall software on each computer connected to the router.
Position the Router or Access Point Safely
Wi-Fi signals normally reach to the exterior of a home. A small amount of signal leakage outdoors is not a problem, but the further this signal reaches, the easier it is for others to detect and exploit. Wi-Fi signals often reach through neighboring homes and into streets, for example. When installing a wireless home network, the position of the access point or router determines its reach. Try to position these devices near the center of the home rather than near windows to minimize leakage.
Turn Off the Network During Extended Periods of Non-Use
The ultimate in wireless security measures, shutting down your network will most certainly prevent outside hackers from breaking in! While impractical to turn off and on the devices frequently, at least consider doing so during travel or extended periods offline. Computer disk drives have been known to suffer from power cycle wear-and-tear, but this is a secondary concern for broadband modems and routers.
If you own a wireless router but are only using it wired (Ethernet) connections, you can also sometimes turn off Wi-Fi on a broadband router without powering down the entire network.
Very first step, change default password of your Modem/Router. Manufacturers set both the account username and password at the factory. The username is often simply the word admin or administrator. The password is typically empty (blank), the words “admin,” “public,” or “password,” or some other simple word. You can login to your administration page by using 192.168.1.1 or using instruction guide provided by your ISP or Hardware company.
Turn on (Compatible) WPA / WEP Encryption
All Wi-Fi equipment supports some form of encryption. Encryption technology scrambles messages sent over wireless networks so that they cannot be easily read by humans. Several encryption technologies exist for Wi-Fi today. Naturally you will want to pick the strongest form of encryption that works with your wireless network. However, the way these technologies work, all Wi-Fi devices on your network must share the identical encryption settings. Therefore you may need to find a “lowest common demoninator” setting.
Change the Default SSID
Access points and routers all use a network name called the SSID. Manufacturers normally ship their products with the same SSID set. For example, the SSID for Linksys devices is normally “linksys.” True, knowing the SSID does not by itself allow your neighbors to break into your network, but it is a start. More importantly, when someone finds a default SSID, they see it is a poorly configured network and are much more likely to attack it. Change the default SSID immediately when configuring wireless security on your network.
Enable MAC Address Filtering
Each piece of Wi-Fi gear possesses a unique identifier called the physical address or MAC address. Access points and routers keep track of the MAC addresses of all devices that connect to them. Many such products offer the owner an option to key in the MAC addresses of their home equipment, that restricts the network to only allow connections from those devices. Do this, but also know that the feature is not so powerful as it may seem. Hackers and their software programs can fake MAC addresses easily.
Disable SSID Broadcast
In Wi-Fi networking, the wireless access point or router typically broadcasts the network name (SSID) over the air at regular intervals. This feature was designed for businesses and mobile hotspots where Wi-Fi clients may roam in and out of range. In the home, this roaming feature is unnecessary, and it increases the likelihood someone will try to log in to your home network. Fortunately, most Wi-Fi access points allow the SSID broadcast feature to be disabled by the network administrator.
Do Not Auto-Connect to Open Wi-Fi Networks
Connecting to an open Wi-Fi network such as a free wireless hotspot or your neighbor’s router exposes your computer to security risks. Although not normally enabled, most computers have a setting available allowing these connections to happen automatically without notifying you (the user). This setting should not be enabled except in temporary situations.
Assign Static IP Addresses to Devices
Most home networkers gravitate toward using dynamic IP addresses. DHCP technology is indeed easy to set up. Unfortunately, this convenience also works to the advantage of network attackers, who can easily obtain valid IP addresses from your network’s DHCP pool. Turn off DHCP on the router or access point, set a fixed IP address range instead, then configure each connected device to match. Use a private IP address range (like 10.0.0.x) to prevent computers from being directly reached from the Internet.
Enable Firewalls On Each Computer and the Router
Modern network routers contain built-in firewall capability, but the option also exists to disable them. Ensure that your router’s firewall is turned on. For extra protection, consider installing and running personal firewall software on each computer connected to the router.
Position the Router or Access Point Safely
Wi-Fi signals normally reach to the exterior of a home. A small amount of signal leakage outdoors is not a problem, but the further this signal reaches, the easier it is for others to detect and exploit. Wi-Fi signals often reach through neighboring homes and into streets, for example. When installing a wireless home network, the position of the access point or router determines its reach. Try to position these devices near the center of the home rather than near windows to minimize leakage.
Turn Off the Network During Extended Periods of Non-Use
The ultimate in wireless security measures, shutting down your network will most certainly prevent outside hackers from breaking in! While impractical to turn off and on the devices frequently, at least consider doing so during travel or extended periods offline. Computer disk drives have been known to suffer from power cycle wear-and-tear, but this is a secondary concern for broadband modems and routers.
If you own a wireless router but are only using it wired (Ethernet) connections, you can also sometimes turn off Wi-Fi on a broadband router without powering down the entire network.
31 January 2009
Maintain PC security
1. Anti-Virus Programs – These programs search and assess the contents of each computer file then removes or destroys “virus signatures”, which are known to be harmful to your computer.
2. Patch up your System – This process involves fixing the operating system and restoring different functions of your computer. Most computer vendors offer patches that are designed to fix bugs in their products. This process is repeated until the patch fixes the problem completely.
3. Email Attachment Precautions – Most unsolicited items, such as exploding packages or letter bombs, can be sent through your e-mail. Take extra precaution in opening emails to prevent any harm your computer may receive.
4. Firewall Programs – Install and use a firewall program. These programs act as a guard to your computer when looking at network traffic received from or destined for other computers. The firewall program determines if certain traffic should be allowed to continue to its destination or stopped. These programs keep the unwanted out and permit only “healthy” traffic to enter and leave your computer.
5. Data Backups – It is important that back up your data in your computer’s hard disk, external hard disk drives or any removable media. This ensures each important data will not be harmed when computer problems arise.
6. Strong Passwords – It is important to mix up several numbers, symbols and letters to strengthen password safety. An ideal length of password is around eight or more letters, numbers or symbols.
7. Download and Installation – Be careful in accepting or downloading any material online to prevent virus attacks and computer hijacks.
8. Hardware Firewall – Hardware firewall, which works similarly to firewall programs, stands between your personal computer and the Internet.
2. Patch up your System – This process involves fixing the operating system and restoring different functions of your computer. Most computer vendors offer patches that are designed to fix bugs in their products. This process is repeated until the patch fixes the problem completely.
3. Email Attachment Precautions – Most unsolicited items, such as exploding packages or letter bombs, can be sent through your e-mail. Take extra precaution in opening emails to prevent any harm your computer may receive.
4. Firewall Programs – Install and use a firewall program. These programs act as a guard to your computer when looking at network traffic received from or destined for other computers. The firewall program determines if certain traffic should be allowed to continue to its destination or stopped. These programs keep the unwanted out and permit only “healthy” traffic to enter and leave your computer.
5. Data Backups – It is important that back up your data in your computer’s hard disk, external hard disk drives or any removable media. This ensures each important data will not be harmed when computer problems arise.
6. Strong Passwords – It is important to mix up several numbers, symbols and letters to strengthen password safety. An ideal length of password is around eight or more letters, numbers or symbols.
7. Download and Installation – Be careful in accepting or downloading any material online to prevent virus attacks and computer hijacks.
8. Hardware Firewall – Hardware firewall, which works similarly to firewall programs, stands between your personal computer and the Internet.
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